Alloy



p which serves as a No Drawing. Original application filed August 15, 1917, Serial No. 186,867. Divided and this tion filed August 15, 1918. Serial No. 249,952.

, AL'V'AH W.,CLEMENT, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO,

MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OI OHIO.

ASSIGNOR TO THE CLEVELAND BRASS ALLOY.

Towllwhom itmay concern:

Be it known that I, ALVAH W. CLEMENT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certam new and useful Improvement in Alloys, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This case is a division of my app zlication Serial #18(,867 filed ug. 15, 191

This invention relates to an alloy which may be used for the fabrication of articles and devices which in their use are subjected to the action of hot corroding gases, and high temperatures, and are usedas electrical resistance elements, and, in slightly modified form, may be used for the making of dies for die castings, ball races for ball bearings, and other articles requiring durability and great wearing qualities.

The alloy comprises a combination of iron, chromium and titanium, which combination when alloyed has a high melting point, is tough, and not brittle.

To the alloy of the elements mentioned, small proportions of aluminum may be added, which will prevent any oxidization of the surfaces of an article fabricated of the alloy, by providing a film or surface of oxid protecting covering.

In making the alloy, the carbon content should be kept as low as possible by the use of oxidizing slags, for carbon in appreciable amounts renders the alloy hard and very difiicult to work.

A very effective alloy for the purpose I have found to consist of the following elements and their stated proportions: Titanium 6 per cent., chromium 10 per cent., aluminum 10 per cent., the balance of iron and silicon, the silicon present being less than 1 per cent. The percentage of aluminum and titanium may be varied, but should not be less than 5 per cent. of each of the elements mentioned. The chromium may vary from 10 per cent. to 30 per cent., the iron andsilicon always making up the balance of the alloy.

If desired, molybdenum may be added where the percentage of titanium present is above 5 per cent. The percentage of titanium must be maintained sufiiciently high so that the addition of molybdenum will not Specification of Letters Patent.

cgpending useful when formin Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

applicamake a soft alloy. The molybdenum imparts to the alloy the property of easy ma.- chinability.

Wherethe alloy is intended to be used under conditions involving high temperatures, the percentage of titanium should be earned close to 20 or 25 per cent., the chromium being maintained at approximately 15 per cent.

The alloy herein described is particularly annealing and carbonizing boxes, or saggars which are used under conditions involving hi h temperatures; also for crucibles for melting brass, bronzes, etc.: also as parts of furnaces, or, in fact, in any sltuation where it is desired to pro-. duce an article which is resistant to heat.

Inasmuch as the alloy even at high temperatures, it is possible to construct articles of this alloy to have thin walls; and generally the quantity of metal required in orming the articles is much less than with many other metals because of this non-warping property.' This therefore onables the use of light weight structures.

The alloy may be repared by directl melting the elements orming the alloy a though commercially it is preferable to form the alloy using as the source of the elements ferro-titanium and ferro-chromium. When utilizing the latter sources of ingredients the.

same are melted in the electric furnace together with suitable fluxes, which fluxes are those well known in the art.

The alloy may be very advantageously used for the making of dies for die castings or for dies and plungers in the handling of hot glass, or for molds in the handling of hot glass, as well as for forming ball bearings, by fabricating the articles thus to be .used, of the alloy described, and subsequently heat treating the surfaces which are is non-warping,

to be exposed to the wear and abrasion, so as to form at these surfaces, a high proportion of carbids which will be carbids of titanium and chromium. The carbids mentioned are exceedingly hard. and resistant to wear and abrasion.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. An alloy containing an appreciable quantity but not more than 80% or iron, an appreciable quantity but not more than 25% of titanium, an appreciable quantity but not more than 30% of chromium and an appreciable quantity but not more than 10% of a metal having the properties of aluminumwhich render the alloy substantially nonoxidizable at high temperatures.

2. An alloy containing substantially 5 to 25% of titanium, substantially 10 to' 30% of chromium, an appreciable quantity of not more than 10% of aluminum, the balance consisting principally of iron.

3. An alloy containing substantially 5 to per cent. titanium, substantially 10 to 30 per cent. of chromium, substantially 5 to 10 per cent. of aluminum, the balance consisting principally of iron.

4. An article adapted to withstand deterioration at high temperatures made of an alloy containin iron, chromium, titanium and aluminum, 1n which the exposed surface contains carbids of titanium and chromium.

5. An article adapted to withstand deterioration at high. temperatures made'of an alloy containing an ap reciable quantity but not more than 80% of iron, an appreciable quantity but not more than 30% of chroinium, an appreciable quantity but not more than of titanium, an appreciable quantity but not more than 10% of aluminum, in which the exposed surface contains carbids of titanium and chromium.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto afiix my signature. ALVAH W. CLEMENT. 

